Carbon ceramic nanoparticulate film electrode prepared from oppositely charged particles by layer-by-layer approach

Carbon ceramic nanoparticulate film electrode was prepared from negatively charged sulfonated carbon nanoparticles and positively charged silicate submicrometre particles with appended imidazolium groups. They were immobilized on an indium tin oxide surface by layer-by-layer method: alternative immersion into suspension of positive and negative particles. The film formation is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy - after larger number of immersion and withdrawal steps more material is deposited on the electrode substrate. The nanoparticulate film is stable and the obtained electrode exhibits a significant increase of capacitive current and faradaic current corresponding to hydrogen peroxide electroreduction. The effect of the number of immersion and withdrawal steps is strikingly visible on dioxygen bioelectrocatalytic reduction current after adsorption of the enzyme laccase. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.