Fusarium osteomyelitis: Case report and review of the literature

We present a case of Fusarium osteomyelitis attributed to innocuous trauma in a patient with significant peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. Fusarium species have been reported to cause an increasing number of infections, particularly in severely immunocompromized patients. Colonization of normal skin has also been reported. To the best of the author's knowledge, there are 5 cases of Fusarium osteomyelitis described in detail in English-language literature. There is also a report with little detail of Fusarium infection involving bone in 3 patients with hematologic malignancy. We tabulated the pertinent facts of the 5 detailed cases and compared them to ours. Early diagnosis requires some suspicion of invasive fungal infection. Tissue culture and pathologic examination are necessary for definitive diagnosis and to distinguish infection from colonization. Therapy includes antifungal drugs and aggressive surgical debridement, and even when these modalities are readily implemented the outcome may not be optimal because of the angioinvasive character of the organism.