Twelve-month effects of the Groningen active living model (GALM) on physical activity, health and fitness outcomes in sedentary and underactive older adults aged 55-65

Objective: To determine the effects on energy expenditure, health and fitness outcomes after 12 months of GALM. Methods: Subjects from matched neighbourhoods were assigned to an intervention (IG) (n = 79) or a waiting-list control group (CG) (n = 102). During the 12 months the IG attended two series of 15 moderately intensive GALM sessions once a week and the CG attended one series after a 6-month waiting-list period. Results: Significant time effects were found for energy expenditure for recreational sports activities (EERECSPORT), other leisure-time physical activity (EELTPA) and total physical activity (EETOTAL). EERECSPORT increased over 12 months for both groups while the significant time x group interaction for EELTPA revealed that the CG continuously increased over 12 months and the IG improved in the first 6 months but decreased from 6 to 12 months. Further significant time effects were found for performance-based fitness but no group effects. Conclusion: Participation in GALM improved EERECSPORT after 12 months, which was reflected in increases in performance-based fitness. The increase in EELTPA seemed to be a short-term effect (6 months), which may explain the lack of improvement in other health indicators. Practice implications: To further increase EELTPA, more attention should be paid to behavioural skill-building during the GALM program. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.