Clinical outcome of transarterial embolization for postgastrectomy arterial bleeding

Background The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the feasibility and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of postgastrectomy arterial bleeding. Methods Between January 2004 and July 2015, 13,246 patients underwent total or subtotal gastrectomy at our institution, and 24 patients (18 men; mean age 66.8 years; range 42-80 years) underwent transcatheter arterial embolization for postoperative arterial bleeding identified on angiography. Results Postgastrectomy arterial bleeding occurred after subtotal gastrectomy in 14 patients (58%) and after total gastrectomy in 10 patients (42%), after a mean of 17 days (range 1-57 days). It manifested itself as luminal bleeding in 10 patients and as abdominal bleeding in 14 patients. Technical success was achieved in all 24 patients (100%). The clinical success rate was 79% (19-24); there were three transcatheter-arterial-embolization-related major complications that resulted in death within 30 days (12%), one case of recurrent bleeding, and one case of persistent bleeding. The cause of death included infarctions in the spleen and/or remnant stomach (n = 2) and bowel perforation (n = 1). The commonest bleeding focus was the gastroduodenal artery (46%, 11 patients), followed by the splenic artery (29%, 7 patients). By surgery type, the gastroduodenal artery was the commonest site of bleeding in subtotal gastrectomy (64%, 9/14) and the splenic artery was commonest site of bleeding in total gastrectomy (50%, 5/10). Conclusions Transcatheter arterial embolization demonstrated high technical and clinical success rates with an acceptable complication rate in the management of postgastrectomy arterial bleeding. However, transcatheter arterial embolization may not be the best treatment option in patients who have undergone subtotal gastrectomy and bled from the splenic artery owing to the high risk of infarctions of the remnant stomach and the spleen.