Indicators and ICTs application for municipal waste management

The worldwide populace is rising steadily. Urbanization is likewise expanding quickly with the rising populace. Fast urbanization has considerably increased the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). The MSW management issues have recently been analyzed through various assessment indicators and information and communication technologies (ICTs). This article provides an overview of applications of assessment indicators and ICTs for addressing the environmental issues of waste disposal and management in municipalities. The selection of indicators mainly depends on the stakeholders' specific requirements, such as waste management strategies, urban planning and development, human health, and energy generation. The literature analysis revealed that collection, sorting, recycling, cost efficiency, and environmental aspect were the leading indicators used in waste management studies. And these indicators reduce the complexity of systems and formulate evaluations easier for the decision-maker. Moreover, these are also helpful in assessing the improvement and reporting the waste condition to the expert. These analysis further revealed that information and communication technology is a requirement in the planning and managing of current solid waste disposal problems. The use of ICTs in waste management systems mitigates possible constraints regarding spot selection, inept waste disposal, waste collection monitoring, and proper recycling.