Number of and distance between response elements in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF57 promoter influence its activation by replication and transcription activator and its repression by interferon regulatory factor 7

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF57 expression is highly responsive to replication and transcription activator (RTA) and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7). Three RTA response elements (RREs) have been identified in the ORF57 promoter. Here, we show evidence of another functional RRE located between nt 82003 and 82081, which can complement the loss of RTA activation resulting from RRE1 deletion. Repeats of a recombination signal-binding protein J kappa (RBP-J kappa) site enhanced RTA activation, which could not be suppressed by IRF-7. Alteration of the distance between the RBP-J kappa site and RRE2 modulated responsiveness to RTA and IRF-7. These results will help to elucidate the precise regulation of viral gene expression.