Treatment of hepatitis delta virus genotype 3 infection with peg-interferon and entecavir

Objectives: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is recognized as the most pathogenic and infectious among the hepatotropic viruses. Studies on the treatment of HDV have predominantly included European patients and carriers of genotype 1 (HDV-1) in their clinical protocols. For the Amazon region, data show that infected individuals have mainly Native American ancestry and that >90% of HDV carriers have the genotype 3 (HDV-3). Thus combined therapy clinical protocols do not adequately address the treatment of these patients. Methods: A prospective, non -randomized study was conducted in which 22 patients received 180 pg of pegylated interferon alpha 2a (PEG-IFN) plus entecavir at a dose of 0.5 mg for 48 weeks, with a subsequent 24 -week follow-up. Throughout treatment, the patients were monitored for biochemical responses and the kinetics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV viral loads. Results: Of the 22 patients treated, 15 presented normal alanine aminotransferase values at the end of treatment (p = 0.002). At week 24 of treatment, 86.4% of the patients did not present detectable HDVRNA; at week 48, the rate of negative patients increased to >95% and remained the same after 6 months. With regard to HBV, only two patients (9%) still presented detectable HBV genetic material at the end of treatment, suggesting the effectiveness of combined therapy in combating the two viruses. Conclusions: These findings support the use of this effective therapeutic protocol for HDV-3 in patients of non -European ethnicity and suggest a possible 'easy to treat' variant when compared to HDV-1. 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (httpMcreativecommons.orgilicensesiby-nc-nc114.0/).