Sociodemographic pattern of postmenopausal women and health issues: A study in rural Bathinda, Punjab

Background: The diminishing hormonal concentrations in women after menopause may trap them into a number of reproductive health deficits. Their lifestyle, occupation, dietary constituents, etc., affect the overall health. Unfortunately, women belonging to rural areas lack basic amenities and cultural aspects give them a backseat to pay heed to personal health. Therefore, it is important to take into consideration the demographic profile of rural women. Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate postmenopausal women of rural Punjab for sociodemographic, reproductive parameters and health issues. Results: This study analyzed 425 women showing a high rate of illiteracy (74.6%), agricultural occupancy (85.2%), and consumption of vegetarian food (94.4%). The mean age at menarche and menopause was observed as 14.04 +/- 1.12 and 47.97 +/- 3.4 years, respectively. The most frequent complaints were fatigue (70.4%), backache (69.4), breathing problems (52.2%), and abdominal discomfort (43.1%). Conclusion: Later age at menopause in women was found concurrent with involvement in agriculture and exposure to pesticides. Delayed menopause may indicate a risk of reproductive cancers while protection in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, age at menopause and dependent sociodemographic parameters should be considered important tools in determining the reproductive health of aging women. Large-scale studies dealing with this health aspect are warranted at village level.