Inclusive development and agricultural adaptation to climate change

Agriculture need to adapt to the climate impacts. Such processes should be both socially equitable and environmentally sustainable if the aim is more inclusive development. This paper reviews the literature on agricultural adaptation to climate variability and change to show how governments, institutions and farmers are adopting measures to cope with changes in temperature and rainfall patterns as well as weather extremes, and the extent to which and how social equity issues, ecological sustainability issues and the empowerment of farmers are taken on board in different parts of the world. The framework of inclusive eco-efficient and climate-smart agriculture is proposed to confront climate change and ensure food security by enhancing resilience, increasing sustainable productivity, reducing inequality and promoting shared prosperity.