Xenon mitigates isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in the developing rodent brain

被引:248
作者
Ma, Daqing [1 ]
Williamson, Peter [1 ]
Januszewski, Adam [1 ]
Nogaro, Marie-Caroline [1 ]
Hossain, Mahmuda [1 ]
Ong, Lay Ping [1 ]
Shu, Yi [1 ]
Franks, Nicholas P. [1 ]
Maze, Mervyn [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Anaesthet Pain Med & Intens Care, London SW10 9NH, England
关键词
D O I
10.1097/01.anes.0000264762.48920.80
中图分类号
R614 [麻醉学];
学科分类号
100217 ;
摘要
Background: Anesthetics, including isoflurane and nitrous oxide, an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of the glutamate receptor, have been demonstrated to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration when administered during neurodevelopment. Xenon, also an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, not only lacks the characteristic toxicity produced by other N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, but also attenuates the neurotoxicity produced by this class of agent. Therefore, the current study sought to investigate xenon's putative protective properties against anesthetic-induced neuronal apoptosis. Methods: Separate cohorts (n = 5 or 6 per group) of 7-day-old rats were randomly assigned and exposed to eight gas mixtures: air, 75% nitrous oxide, 75% xenon, 0.75% isoflurane, 0.75% isoflurane plus 35% or 75% nitrous oxide, 0.75% isoflurane plus 30% or 60% xenon for 6 h. Rats were killed, and cortical and hippocampal apoptosis was assessed using caspase-3 immunostaining. in separate cohorts, cortices were isolated for immunoblotting of caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, and cytochrome c. Organotypic hippocampal slices of postnatal mice pups were derived and cultured for 24 h before similar gas exposures, as above, and subsequently processed for caspase-3 immunostaining. Results: In vivo administration of isoflurane enhances neuronal apoptosis. When combined with isoflurane, nitrous oxide significantly increases whereas xenon significantly reduces apoptosis to a value no different from that of controls. In vitro studies corroborate the ability of xenon to attenuate isoflurane-induced apoptosis. Isoflurane enhanced expression of indicators of the intrinsic and common apoptotic pathways; this enhancement was increased by nitrous oxide but attenuated by xenon. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that xenon prevents isoflurane-induced neonatal neuronal apoptosis.
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收藏
页码:746 / 753
页数:8
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