Mimicking Sub-Structures Self-Organization in Microtubules

被引:1
作者
Sarma, Sanjay O., V [1 ]
Palaparthi, Sruthi [2 ]
Pidaparti, Ramana [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[2] Univ Georgia, Dept Comp Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
microtubules; microtubule associated proteins; self-organization; swarm engineering; swarm intelligence; game engine; protofilaments; MITOTIC SPINDLE; PROTEINS; DYNAMICS; COLCHICINE; BINDING; SYSTEM; MAPS; END;
D O I
10.3390/biomimetics4040071
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers distributed in the cytoplasm of a biological cell. Alpha and beta globular proteins constituting the heterodimer building blocks combine to form these tubules through polymerization, controlled by the concentration of Guanosine-triphosphate (GTPs) and other Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs). MTs play a crucial role in many intracellular processes, predominantly in mitosis, organelle transport and cell locomotion. Current research in this area is focused on understanding the exclusive behaviors of self-organization and their association with different MAPs through organized laboratory experiments. However, the intriguing intelligence behind these tiny machines resulting in complex self-organizing structures is mostly unexplored. In this study, we propose a novel swarm engineering framework in modeling rules for these systems, by combining the principles of design with swarm intelligence. The proposed framework was simulated on a game engine and these simulations demonstrated self-organization of rings and protofilaments in MTs. Analytics from these simulations assisted in understanding the influence of GTPs on protofilament formation. Also, results showed that the population density of GTPs rather than their bonding probabilities played a crucial role in polymerization in forming microtubule substructures.
引用
收藏
页数:19
相关论文
共 50 条
[1]   Control of microtubule organization and dynamics: two ends in the limelight [J].
Akhmanova, Anna ;
Steinmetz, Michel O. .
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY, 2015, 16 (12) :711-726
[2]   Mechanisms of Self-Organization of Cortical Microtubules in Plants Revealed by Computational Simulations [J].
Allard, Jun F. ;
Wasteneys, Geoffrey O. ;
Cytrynbaum, Eric N. .
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL, 2010, 21 (02) :278-286
[3]   The Tubulin Code: A Navigation System for Chromosomes during Mitosis [J].
Barisic, Marin ;
Maiato, Helder .
TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY, 2016, 26 (10) :766-775
[4]   Generation of noncentrosomal microtubule arrays [J].
Bartolini, Francesca ;
Gundersen, Gregg G. .
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE, 2006, 119 (20) :4155-4163
[5]   Microtubules: 50 years on from the discovery of tubulin [J].
Borisy, Gary ;
Heald, Rebecca ;
Howard, Jonathon ;
Janke, Carsten ;
Musacchio, Andrea ;
Nogales, Eva .
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY, 2016, 17 (05) :322-328
[6]   Centrosome composition and microtubule anchoring mechanisms [J].
Bornens, M .
CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY, 2002, 14 (01) :25-34
[7]   Swarm robotics: a review from the swarm engineering perspective [J].
Brambilla, Manuele ;
Ferrante, Eliseo ;
Birattari, Mauro ;
Dorigo, Marco .
SWARM INTELLIGENCE, 2013, 7 (01) :1-41
[8]   XMAP215 is a processive microtubule polymerase [J].
Brouhard, Gary J. ;
Stear, Jeffrey H. ;
Noetzel, Tim L. ;
Al-Bassam, Jawdat ;
Kinoshita, Kazuhisa ;
Harrison, Stephen C. ;
Howard, Jonathon ;
Hyman, Anthony A. .
CELL, 2008, 132 (01) :79-88
[9]   Microtubule dynamics: an interplay of biochemistry and mechanics [J].
Brouhard, Gary J. ;
Rice, Luke M. .
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY, 2018, 19 (07) :451-463
[10]   Microtubule dynamic instability [J].
Burbank, Kendra S. ;
Mitchison, Timothy J. .
CURRENT BIOLOGY, 2006, 16 (14) :R516-R517