Loading of Trained Inspiratory Muscles Speeds Lactate Recovery Kinetics

BROWN, P. I., G. R. SHARPE, and M. A. JOHNSON. Loading of Trained Inspiratory Muscles Speeds Lactate Recovery Kinetics. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 1103-1112, 2010. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory threshold loading (ITL) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on blood lactate concentration ([lac(-)](B)) and acid-base balance after maximal incremental cycling. Methods: Eighteen subjects were divided into a control (n = 9) or an IMT group (n = 9). Before and after a 6-wk intervention, subjects completed two maximal incremental cycling tests followed by 20 min of recovery with (ITL) or without (passive recovery (PR)) a constant inspiratory resistance (15 cm H2O). The IMT group performed 6 wk of pressure threshold IMT at 50% maximal inspiratory mouth pressure. Throughout recovery, acid-base balance was quantified using the physicochemical approach by measuring the strong ion difference ([SID] = [Na+] + [K+] - [Cl-] + [lac(-)]), the total concentration of weak acids ([A(tot)(-)]), and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2). Results: After the intervention, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure increased in the IMT group only (+34%). No differences in lactate clearance were observed between PR and ITL before the intervention in both groups and after the intervention in the control group. After IMT, relative to PR, [lac(-)](B) was reduced throughout ITL (minutes 2-20) by 0.66 +/- 1.28 mmol.L-1 (P < 0.05), and both the fast (lactate exchange) and the slow (lactate clearance) velocity constants of the lactate recovery kinetics were increased (P < 0.05). Relative to pre-IMT, ITL reduced plasma [H+], which was accounted for by an IMT-mediated increase in [SID] due almost exclusively to a 1.7-mmol.L-1 reduction in [lac(-)](B). Conclusions: After maximal exercise, ITL affected lactate recovery kinetics only after IMT. Our data support the notion that the inspiratory muscles are capable of lactate clearance that increases [SID] and reduces [H+]. These effects may facilitate subsequent bouts of high-intensity exercise.