Effect of nozzle type on fluid flow, solidification, and solute transport in mold with mold electromagnetic stirring

The mathematical model of coupling fluid flow, heat transfer, solidification, solute transport, and the electromagnetic field of the bloom in the upper part of the strand was established with three nozzle types. Then, the flow field, distribution of the temperature, solidification, and macrosegregation of carbon were investigated and compared by numerical modeling. In the case of the straight submerged entry nozzle (SEN), the molten steel flows down deep into the liquid pool, and the depth of the jet flow reaches about 1.0 m beneath the meniscus. The jetting zone is the high-temperature zone. In the case of two-port SEN and four-port SEN, the flow patterns and distribution of temperature in the central longitudinal section are similar. The jet flow impinges directly on the initially solidified shell and then it is divided into two longitudinal circulations. The heat of molten steel is dissipated along with the longitudinal circulations. The negative segregation band was generated near the bloom surface due to the washing effect by the rotating flow at the solidification front with three nozzle types. The negative segregation deteriorates gradually with the number of ports decreasing.