Ethical implications of brain-computer interfaces with emotion, motor imagery, and subvocal speech classification

Research for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) has rapidly developed in recent years. Significant advances in this field include brain-controlled bionic limbs and wheelchairs. With these devices, there is a potential benefit for patients with neurologic and neuromuscular diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS involves the degeneration of motor neurons rapidly over time, leading to paralysis and loss of speech. BCIs have the potential to allow ALS patients to continue to communicate and move with the help of subvocal speech classification and motor imagery control applications. Despite the promise of these devices to improve the quality of life, we must evaluate the ethical implications that will arise due to the advancement of these devices. More advanced and accurate devices that can restore speech could also easily be used to read or listen in on the thoughts of its users, thereby presenting a unique question of ethics. In this paper, we will discuss the current progress, trends, and future ethical implications of current advancements in BCIs. We will also introduce a conceptual BCI-based device with emotion classification, subvocal speech classification, and motor imagery applications.