Review and Analysis of Bio-Inspired Routing Protocols in VANETs

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a subset of the Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and they share many similarities, but the most important difference is that VANETs consists of high-speed nodes that are moving at various speeds and in different directions which creates a highly dynamic network environment. Therefore, it is very challenging to find the best nodes for carrying and forwarding messages, efficient disseminate messages in the network, as well as to have known and long-lasting routes. Furthermore, the traffic environment is exposed to various traffic densities and congestions, surrounding environment full of obstacles and unpredicted situations. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of bio-inspired routing protocols and methods that are handling all the above-mentioned issues efficiently by applying various approaches such as clustering, using hybrid or MANET protocols, or merging two bio-inspired routing protocols.