Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission After Metabolic Surgery in Asian Patients with a BMI < 32.5 kg/m2

Background Metabolic surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with obesity. However, the efficacy in patients with body mass index (BMI) < 32.5 kg/m(2), especially in Asian populations, has not been widely reported, and there are few studies on the prediction of diabetes remission. Methods We evaluated 112 patients with T2DM who underwent metabolic surgery between October 2008 and November 2019. The basic data of the patients were collected, and clinical variables were measured at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after metabolic surgery. Four independent predictors of surgical outcomes were identified to construct the prediction score. Results Diabetes remission occurred for 38 of the 112 patients. Ninety patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, while the remaining 22 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Weight, glucose, and lipid metabolism parameters were improved significantly after metabolic surgery. Age, BMI, insulin use, and duration were independent predictors of T2DM remission. The above four factors were defined with scores and developed ABID (age, BMI, insulin use, duration) scoring system. Patients with greater ABID scores had a greater probability of diabetes remission (from 0% at score 0 to 100% at score 4). Conclusions The ABID score is a simple and easy-to-implement prediction score system of diabetes remission after metabolic surgery for T2DM patients with a BMI < 32.5 kg/m(2).