Characterization of soil profiles and elemental concentrations reveals deposition of heavy metals and phosphorus in a Chicago-area nature preserve, Gensburg Markham Prairie

被引:14
作者
Gonzalez, Liliana M. Hernandez [1 ]
Rivera, Vivien A. [1 ]
Phillips, Colin B. [1 ]
Haug, Loren A. [1 ]
Hatch, Shelby L. [2 ]
Yeager, Loren E. [2 ]
Chang, Haebin [2 ]
Alvarez, Jennifer [3 ]
Gnaedinger, Karl J. [4 ]
Miller, William M. [5 ]
Packman, Aaron I. [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
[2] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
[3] Northwestern Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
[4] Nature Conservancy, Markham, IL 60428 USA
[5] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60202 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Metals; Phosphorus; Prairie; Soil; Wetland; ORGANIC-MATTER; TRACE-METALS; URBAN; WETLANDS; ESTUARY; RECLAMATION; SEDIMENTS; RIPARIAN; TRENDS; UNITS;
D O I
10.1007/s11368-019-02315-5
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Purpose Gensburg Markham Prairie (GMP), a high-quality tallgrass prairie and wetland in the Chicago area, is surrounded by high-traffic highways and residential communities. Anthropogenic inputs are a concern given observed ecosystem degradation around the periphery of the prairie. To understand soil quality and the potential for habitat degradation in GMP, we evaluated concentrations of metals and phosphorus in soil profiles, identified possible sources of contamination, and assessed the likelihood that contamination would impact the prairie ecosystem. Materials and methods We collected 15 intact soil cores (to a depth of 120 cm) and 22 surface soil samples (0-10-cm depth), determined the soil type, and measured pH, organic matter, and concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Ca, and P using ICP-OES. To quantify soil pollution, we calculated the element enrichment factor (EF) and single element pollution index (SEPI) for each sample. We also used principal component analysis (PCA) to interpret relationships between site variables, elemental concentrations, and sources of metals. Results and discussion Heavy metals (Pb, Cu, and Zn) and P were found to accumulate in surface samples. The mean EF values for Pb, Cu, Zn, and P revealed significant enrichment of these elements in the soil profiles. However, SEPI analyses indicate that GMP soils have a low level of contamination. PCA revealed that concentrations are highest for samples with high organic matter content near the ground surface and that Pb, Cu, and Zn have common sources of pollution. Conclusions We observed enrichment of Pb, Cu, Zn, and P because of deposition from the urban built environment, but the enrichment levels are low enough that they are not expected to negatively impact the ecosystem of GMP. The detailed soil chemistry data constitute a spatial contamination map that can be used to assess potential long-term impacts on the ecosystem, such as reduction of plant growth and species diversity, and inform site management and biodiversity conservation efforts.
引用
收藏
页码:3817 / 3831
页数:15
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