Role of glial cells in the generation of sex differences in neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging

被引:51
作者
Chowen, Julie A. [1 ,2 ]
Garcia-Segura, Luis M. [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Hosp Infantil Univ Nino Jesus, Dept Endocrinol, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Inst Invest Princesa,Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
[2] CEIUAM CSIC, IMDEA Food Inst, Madrid, Spain
[3] CSIC, Inst Cajal, Madrid, Spain
[4] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Fragilidad & Envejecimiento, Madrid, Spain
关键词
Astrocytes; Microglia; Myelin; Neuroactive steroids; Sex chromosomes; Steroid receptors; X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY; PELIZAEUS-MERZBACHER DISEASE; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; GONADAL-STEROID HORMONES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE MODEL; RAT-BRAIN;
D O I
10.1016/j.mad.2021.111473
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Diseases and aging-associated alterations of the nervous system often show sex-specific characteristics. Glial cells play a major role in the endogenous homeostatic response of neural tissue, and sex differences in the glial transcriptome and function have been described. Therefore, the possible role of these cells in the generation of sex differences in pathological alterations of the nervous system is reviewed here. Studies have shown that glia react to pathological insults with sex-specific neuroprotective and regenerative effects. At least three factors determine this sex-specific response of glia: sex chromosome genes, gonadal hormones and neuroactive steroid hormone metabolites. The sex chromosome complement determines differences in the transcriptional responses in glia after brain injury, while gonadal hormones and their metabolites activate sex-specific neuroprotective mechanisms in these cells. Since the sex-specific neuroprotective and regenerative activity of glial cells causes sex differences in the pathological alterations of the nervous system, glia may represent a relevant target for sexspecific therapeutic interventions.
引用
收藏
页数:13
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