Percutaneous transplantation of allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the management of paraplegia secondary to Hansen type I intervertebral disc herniation in a Beagle dog

Background: Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is one of the common causes of spinal cord injury (SCI) in dogs. It is commonly treated by performing surgical decompression that involves the removal of the extruded disc material. However, the recovery rates after surgical interventions are variable and many times unsatisfactory. This report aims to document a case of paraplegia associated with IVDH in a Beagle dog and its therapeutic management using allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (aBM-MSCs). Case description: The dog was presented with paraplegia that was initiated three weeks back. Based on the findings of computed tomography (CT), the condition was diagnosed as Hansen type I IVDH at T-12-T-13 intervertebral space. Findings/treatment and outcome: Neurological examination was performed to grade the neurological deficit. The isolation, culture, and characterization of aBM-MSCs were done as per the standard protocol. The prepared cell suspension of aBM-MSCs was percutaneously transplanted to the spinal cord parenchyma at the site of injury. A total of four doses of 1 x 10(6) cells were given at an interval of 15 days along with methylcobalamin and gabapentin orally. Improvement was evaluated based on the neurological examination and grading. Considerable improvement was noticed after the first dose of aBM-MSCs. The animal started complete weight bearing on its pelvic limbs after two doses. Conclusion: Percutaneous transplantation of aBM-MSCs might have played an important role in reversing the neurological deficits secondary to IVDH in this dog. Further studies are required preferably in a larger population to confirm the efficacy of aBM-MSCs therapy in ameliorating neural deficits associated with IVDH.