The effect of the use of proton pump inhibitors, serotonin uptake inhibitors, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory drugs on clinical outcomes of functional dental implants: A retrospective study

Objective The present retrospective study investigated the effect of chronic intake of proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive drugs on the survival of dental implants and on the occurrence of peri-implantitis. Materials and methods Survival analyses for implant failure and peri-implantitis were performed patient level for each drug subcategory and for risk factors. The HR for each drug was calculated with adjusted models as compared with a control group made of subjects not assuming the specific drug. Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore the influence of implant-level and patient-level variables on the outcomes. Results A total of 270 subjects receiving 1118 dental implants were included, with a mean follow-up time of 5.19 +/- 4.22 years. After 10 years, the survival rate was 86.9% (patient level), and according to survival analysis, 61.3% of subjects were free from peri-implantitis. The use of anti-inflammatory medicines produced a significant effect (p = .04) on peri-implantitis as compared to subjects not using the drug, with a 2.7-year drop in the mean survival time. The HR was slightly above the level of significance in a semiadjusted model (p = .058). The multilevel analysis found a significant effect on the entire sample and not when considering only subjects with implants with more than 1-year follow-up. Conclusions We found a possible relationship between anti-inflammatory drug use and the occurrence of peri-implantitis in the examined cohort of patients, and no correlation for the other drugs.