The Therapeutic Landscape of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current State and Future Directions

被引:94
作者
Shams, Shahin [1 ]
Martinez, Joseph M. [2 ]
Dawson, John R. D. [3 ]
Flores, Juan [4 ]
Gabriel, Marina [1 ]
Garcia, Gustavo [1 ]
Guevara, Amanda [2 ]
Murray, Kaitlin [5 ]
Pacifici, Noah [1 ]
Vargas, Maxemiliano V. [6 ]
Voelker, Taylor [3 ]
Hell, Johannes W. [2 ]
Ashouri, Judith F. [7 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[2] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pharmacol, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[3] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Physiol & Membrane Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[4] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[5] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[6] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[7] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Rosalind Russell & Ephraim R Engleman Rheumatol R, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词
rheumatoid arthritis; autoimmune disease; inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; adenosine receptor; JAK-STAT signaling; biological therapies; disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; nanoparticles; LOW-DOSE METHOTREXATE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; T-CELL-ACTIVATION; MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS; MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; DOUBLE-BLIND; IN-VIVO; COMBINATION THERAPY;
D O I
10.3389/fphar.2021.680043
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease with grave physical, emotional and socioeconomic consequences. Despite advances in targeted biologic and pharmacologic interventions that have recently come to market, many patients with RA continue to have inadequate response to therapies, or intolerable side effects, with resultant progression of their disease. In this review, we detail multiple biomolecular pathways involved in RA disease pathogenesis to elucidate and highlight pathways that have been therapeutic targets in managing this systemic autoimmune disease. Here we present an up-to-date accounting of both emerging and approved pharmacological treatments for RA, detailing their discovery, mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations. Finally, we turn to the emerging fields of bioengineering and cell therapy to illuminate possible future targeted therapeutic options that combine material and biological sciences for localized therapeutic action with the potential to greatly reduce side effects seen in systemically applied treatment modalities.
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页数:27
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