L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease Is Associated With the Fluctuational Release of Norepinephrine in the Sensorimotor Striatum

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID) is the most common complication of standard L-DOPA therapy for Parkinson's disease experienced by most parkinsonian patients. LID is associated with disruption of dopaminergic homeostasis in basal ganglia following L-DOPA administration. Norepinephrine (NE) is another important catecholaminergic neurotransmitter that is also believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of LID. This study compared NE release in the ipsilateral sensorimotor striatum of dyskinetic and nondyskinetic 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats treated chronically with L-DOPA. After L-DOPA injection, the time-course curves of NE levels in the sensorimotor striatum were significantly different between dyskinetic and nondyskinetic rats. Several metabolic kinetic parameters of NE levels were also differentially expressed between the two groups. In comparison with nondyskinetic rats, the C-max of NE was significantly higher in dyskinetic rats, whereas T-max and t(1/2) of NE were significantly shorter. Intrastriatal perfusion of NE into the lesioned sensorimotor striatum revealed a moderate dyskinesia in dyskinetic rats, which was similar to the dyskinetic behavior after L-DOPA administration. The L-DOPA-related dyskinetic behavior was inhibited significantly by a further pretreatment of noradrenergic neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine or intrastriatal administration of the (2)-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan, accompanied by significant changes in metabolic kinetic parameters of NE in the sensorimotor striatum. The results provide evidence to support the correlation between abnormal NE neurotransmission and the induction of LID and suggest that the aberrant change of the quantitative and temporal releasing of NE in the sensorimotor striatum might play an important role in the pathogenesis of LID. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.