Effect of convective entrainment/detrainment on the simulation of the tropical precipitation diurnal cycle

A regional atmospheric model ( RegCM) developed at the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) is used to investigate the effect of assumed fractional convective entrainment/detrainment rates in the Tiedtke mass flux convective parameterization scheme on the simulated diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Maritime Continent region. Results are compared with observations based on 7 yr of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite measurements. In a control experiment with the default fractional convective entrainment/detrainment rates, the model produces results typical of most other current regional and global atmospheric models, namely a diurnal cycle with precipitation rates over land that peak too early in the day and with an unrealistically large diurnal range. Two sensitivity experiments were conducted in which the fractional entrainment/ detrainment rates were increased in the deep and shallow convection parameterizations, respectively. Both of these modifications slightly delay the time of the rainfall-rate peak during the day and reduce the diurnal amplitude of precipitation, thus improving the simulation of precipitation diurnal cycle to some degree, but better results are obtained when the assumed entrainment/ detrainment rates for shallow convection are increased to the value consistent with the published results from a large eddy simulation (LES) study. It is shown that increasing the entrainment/ detrainment rates would prolong the development and reduce the strength of deep convection, thus delaying the mature phase and reducing the amplitude of the convective precipitation diurnal cycle over the land. In addition to the improvement in the simulation of the precipitation diurnal cycle, convective entrainment/ detrainment rates also affect the simulation of temporal variability of daily mean precipitation and the partitioning of stratiform and convective rainfall in the model. The simulation of the observed offshore migration of the diurnal signal is realistic in some regions but is poor in some other regions. This discrepancy seems not to be related to the convective lateral entrainment/ detrainment rate but could be due to the insufficient model resolution used in this study that is too coarse to resolve the complex land - sea contrast.