Differential use of coronary revascularization and hospital mortality following acute myocardial infarction

Background: The effect of racial/ethnic disparity in the use of cardiac procedures on short-term outcomes, such as hospital mortality, is limited. We sought to determine the association of revascularization procedures (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft) to hospital mortality in non-Hispanic black and white patients and Hispanic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Analysis of the New York State Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperate System (SPARCS) data for 12555 patients admitted to New York City hospitals with acute myocardial infarction in 1996. Revascularization procedure frequencies and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIS) for hospital mortality were calculated. Results: Whites were older than Hispanics and blacks (mean +/- SD age, 70 +/- 13.3 vs 64 +/- 13.3 and 64 +/- 12.9 years, respectively; P<.001) and more likely to have heart failure (36.3% vs 29.1% and 29.6%, respectively; P<.001). Blacks were least likely to be revascularized compared with Hispanics and whites (15.8% vs 25.8% and 25.2%, respectively; P<.001). Hispanics were more likely to survive than whites (adjusted OR, 0.73 [95% Cl, 0.59-0.91]); this difference was not significant for blacks (adjusted OR, 0.83 [95% Cl, 0.69-1.00]). Nonrevascularized blacks and Hispanics were more likely to be discharged alive than nonrevascularized whites (OR, 0.80 [95% Cl, 0.66-0.98] for blacks; OR, 0.74 [95% Cl, 0.59-0.93] for Hispanics). There were no significant racial/ethnic differences in hospital survival among revascularized patients. Conclusions: Nonclinical and clinical factors appear to account for blacks being least likely to have been revascularized. Despite these differences in revascularization rates, survival was similar for blacks and whites, whereas Hispanics were more likely to survive than whites.