Muscle Tone Physiology and Abnormalities

被引：76

作者：

Ganguly, Jacky ^{[1
]}

Kulshreshtha, Dinkar ^{[1
]}

Almotiri, Mohammed ^{[1
]}

Jog, Mandar ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Western Ontario, London Movement Disorder Ctr, London Hlth Sci Ctr, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada

来源：

TOXINS | 2021年 / 13卷 / 04期

关键词：

spasticity; rigidity; dystonia; paratonia; STRETCH REFLEX; BASAL GANGLIA; SPATIAL DISCRIMINATION; RECIPROCAL INHIBITION; RECURRENT INHIBITION; SURROUND INHIBITION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; VIBRATION REFLEX; REM-SLEEP; MOVEMENT;

D O I：

10.3390/toxins13040282

中图分类号：

TS2 [食品工业];

学科分类号：

0832 ;

摘要：

The simple definition of tone as the resistance to passive stretch is physiologically a complex interlaced network encompassing neural circuits in the brain, spinal cord, and muscle spindle. Disorders of muscle tone can arise from dysfunction in these pathways and manifest as hypertonia or hypotonia. The loss of supraspinal control mechanisms gives rise to hypertonia, resulting in spasticity or rigidity. On the other hand, dystonia and paratonia also manifest as abnormalities of muscle tone, but arise more due to the network dysfunction between the basal ganglia and the thalamo-cerebello-cortical connections. In this review, we have discussed the normal homeostatic mechanisms maintaining tone and the pathophysiology of spasticity and rigidity with its anatomical correlates. Thereafter, we have also highlighted the phenomenon of network dysfunction, cortical disinhibition, and neuroplastic alterations giving rise to dystonia and paratonia.

引用

页数：20

共 118 条

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