Light capture by chlorophylls and photosynthetic electron transport bury the risk of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Rapid changes in light intensity, electron fluxes and accumulation of strong oxidants and reductants increase ROS production. Superoxide is mainly generated at the level of photosystem I while photosystem II is the main source of singlet oxygen. ROS can induce oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, ROS are also important to tune processes inside the chloroplast and participate in retrograde signalling regulating the expression of genes involved in acclimation responses. Under most physiological conditions light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport are regulated to keep the level of ROS at a non-destructive level. Photosystem II is most prone to photoinhibition but can be quickly repaired while photosystem I is protected in most cases. The size of the transmembrane proton gradient is central for the onset of mechanisms that protect against photoinhibition. The proton gradient allows dissipation of excess energy as heat in the antenna systems and it regulates electron transport. pH-dependent slowing down of electron donation to photosystem I protects it against ROS generation and damage. Cyclic electron transfer and photoreduction of oxygen contribute to the size of the proton gradient. The yield of singlet oxygen production in photosystem II is regulated by changes in the midpoint potential of its primary quinone acceptor. In addition, numerous antioxidants inside the photosystems, the antenna and the thylakoid membrane quench or scavenge ROS.
机构:
Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Washington Univ, Photosynthet Antenna Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USAWashington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Magdaong, Nikki Cecil M.
Blankenship, Robert E.
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Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Washington Univ, Photosynthet Antenna Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USAWashington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
机构:
Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Messant, Marine
Timm, Stefan
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Univ Rostock, Plant Physiol Dept, D-18051 Rostock, GermanyUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Timm, Stefan
Fantuzzi, Andrea
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Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 2AZ, EnglandUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Fantuzzi, Andrea
Weckwerth, Wolfram
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Univ Vienna, Dept Ecogen & Syst Biol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Univ Vienna, Vienna Metabol Ctr, A-1090 Vienna, AustriaUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Weckwerth, Wolfram
Bauwe, Hermann
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Univ Rostock, Plant Physiol Dept, D-18051 Rostock, GermanyUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
机构:
Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, I2BC, CNRS,CEA, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, I2BC, CNRS,CEA, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Muzzopappa, Fernando
Kirilovsky, Diana
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Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, I2BC, CNRS,CEA, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, I2BC, CNRS,CEA, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
机构:
Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Washington Univ, Photosynthet Antenna Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USAWashington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Magdaong, Nikki Cecil M.
Blankenship, Robert E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
Washington Univ, Photosynthet Antenna Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USAWashington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
机构:
Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Messant, Marine
Timm, Stefan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Rostock, Plant Physiol Dept, D-18051 Rostock, GermanyUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Timm, Stefan
Fantuzzi, Andrea
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 2AZ, EnglandUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Fantuzzi, Andrea
Weckwerth, Wolfram
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Vienna, Dept Ecogen & Syst Biol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Univ Vienna, Vienna Metabol Ctr, A-1090 Vienna, AustriaUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Weckwerth, Wolfram
Bauwe, Hermann
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Rostock, Plant Physiol Dept, D-18051 Rostock, GermanyUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Integrat Biol Cell,Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
机构:
Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, I2BC, CNRS,CEA, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, I2BC, CNRS,CEA, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
Muzzopappa, Fernando
Kirilovsky, Diana
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, I2BC, CNRS,CEA, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceUniv Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, I2BC, CNRS,CEA, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France