Endometrial carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer in Germany. It has a good prognosis. Drug therapies, lifestyle, and nutrition are important regarding prevention. In atypical bleeding, sonographic evaluation of the endometrium, hysteroscopy, and dilation and curettage play an important role in early detection. The diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma begins with histology, which allows determination of carcinoma type and grading. It is supplemented by staging, where deep infiltration, resectability and metastasis are decisive for therapy. In type I carcinoma, hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the treatment of choice. In type II carcinoma, this procedure is supplemented by omentectomy and peritoneal biopsies. Patients with advanced tumor stages benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. With increasing grade, vaginal brachytherapy is useful to reduce the risk of local recurrence.