Novel mutation in the SALL1 gene in a four-generation Chinese family with uraemia: A case report

BACKGROUND Approximately 10% of adults and nearly all children who receive renal replacement therapy have inherited risk factors or are related to genetic factors. In the past, due to the limitations of detection technology and the nonspecific manifestations of uraemia, the etiological diagnosis is unclear. In addition to common monogenic diseases and complex disorders, advanced testing techniques have led to the recognition of more hereditary renal diseases. Here, we report a four-generation Chinese family in which four individuals had a novel SALL1 mutation and presented with uraemia or abnormal urine tests. CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old man presented with end-stage renal disease with a 4-year history of dialysis. His father and paternal aunt both had a history of unexplained renal failure with haemodialysis, and his 10-year-old daughter presented with proteinuria. The patient had multiple congenital abnormalities, including bilateral overlapping toes, unilateral dysplastic external ears, and sensorineural hearing loss. His family members also presented with similar defects. Genetic testing revealed that the proband carried a novel heterozygous shift mutation in SALL1_exon 2 (c.3437delG), and Sanger sequencing confirmed the same mutation in all affected family members. CONCLUSION We report a novel SALL1 exon 2 (c.3437delG) mutation and clinical syndrome with kidney disease, bilateral overlapping toes, unilateral dysplastic external ears, and sensorineural hearing loss in a four-generation Chinese family.