Effects of wheel traffic and farmyard manure applications on soil CO2 emission and soil oxygen content

This 2-year field study investigated the effects of different wheel traffic passes, manure amounts, and manure application methods on soil temperature, soil moisture, CO2 emission, and soil O-2 content. To achieve this purpose, three different wheel traffic applications (no traffic, one pass, and two passes) were used. In the experiments, two different methods of manure applications (surface and subsurface) and three different farmyard manure amounts were used with a control plot (NO), 40 Mg ha(-1)(N40), and 80 Mg ha(-1)(N80). Manure was applied in both years of the experiment in the first week of April. For the subsurface application, the manure was mixed in at approximately 10 cm of soil depth with a rotary tiller. According to the results, soil temperature, soil moisture, penetration resistance, and hulk density increased with increasing wheel traffic except CO2 emission for 2014 and 2015. CO2 emission values decreased with traffic. Subsurface manure application caused more CO2 emission compared to surface application. The increase in manure amounts led to an increase in CO2 emission and soil moisture content. The effects on soil O-2 content were observed only during 2015. Maximum oxygen values were obtained in the plots where compaction was not applied. In addition, surface manure application caused more soil O-2 content compared to subsurface application.