Clinical importance of bacterial translocation

The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a huge number of microorganisms that we call intestinal flora. Although the bowel provides a functional barrier between these organisms and the host, bacterial translocation is not an infrequent event in healthy people. However, in critically ill patients, carriers of different morbid entities, bacterial translocation may favor infections and increased morbimortality. There are several proposed mechanisms explaining the etiology, genesis, and ways for this entity, and frequently the results from both in vitro and animal experimental investigations are controversial and difficult to apply to humans. Many diseases have been linked or are implicated in the translocation phenomenon, although studies with insufficient methodology, reduced populations, and conflicting results still leave open questions and others with no logical answer. This problem is also reflected when studying and assessing different therapeutic strategies used as well as on the methods used to detect translocation.