Governmental programmes associated with food insecurity among communities of descendants of enslaved blacks in Brazil

Objective: To assess the access to government programmes and their association with food insecurity (FI) in families from quilombolas communities in Brazil. Design: An analysis of secondary data from the 2011 Quilombolas Census was performed in Brazilian territories. The Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (Escala Brasileira de Inseguranca Alimentar, EBIA) was used to assess the household FI status. The relationships of governmental programmes with the levels of FI were estimated using logistic regression models. Setting: Greater national survey census of food and nutritional security of the recognised Quilombolas Brazilian territories. Participants: Totally, 8743 quilombolas families. Results: The prevalence of household FI was 86.1 % (moderate/severe FI: 55.9 %, 95 % CI 54.8, 56.9). After adjustment for socio-demographic variables, access to rural development programmes (Food Acquisition Program: OR: 0.6, 95 % CI 0.4, 0.8, P-value < 0.01) and health programmes (Center for Family Health Support: OR: 0.5, 95 % CI 0.5, 0.7, P-value < 0.001) is inversely and significantly associated with moderate/severe FI. The Brazilian conditional cash transfer programme (Bolsa Familia) was associated with quilombolas families with moderate/severe levels of FI (OR: 3.3, 95 % CI 2.8, 4.0, P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of FI was high among quilombolas families. Despite reduced participation in governmental programmes, rural development, agriculture and conditional cash transfer programmes are fundamental to the autonomy of quilombolas communities. In spite of the low participation, when families are able to access these programmes, the study revealed the importance of these initiatives in reducing the likelihood of severe levels of FI.