Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards

被引:315
|
作者
Sleiman, Mohamad [1 ]
Gundel, Lara A. [1 ]
Pankow, James F. [2 ]
Jacob, Peyton, III [3 ,4 ]
Singer, Brett C. [1 ]
Destaillats, Hugo [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97201 USA
[3] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[4] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[5] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
exposure; indoor environment; nitrosamine; nitrogen oxides; heterogeneous chemistry; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; GAS-PHASE; NO2; EXPOSURE; NITROSAMINES; DIOXIDE; CANCER; OZONE;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0912820107
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
This study shows that residual nicotine from tobacco smoke sorbed to indoor surfaces reacts with ambient nitrous acid (HONO) to form carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Substantial levels of TSNAs were measured on surfaces inside a smoker's vehicle. Laboratory experiments using cellulose as a model indoor material yielded a >10-fold increase of surface-bound TSNAs when sorbed secondhand smoke was exposed to 60 ppbv HONO for 3 hours. In both cases we identified 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-4-butanal, a TSNA absent in freshly emitted tobacco smoke, as the major product. The potent carcinogens 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone and N-nitroso nornicotine were also detected. Time-course measurements revealed fast TSNA formation, with up to 0.4% conversion of nicotine. Given the rapid sorption and persistence of high levels of nicotine on indoor surfaces-including clothing and human skin-this recently identified process represents an unappreciated health hazard through dermal exposure, dust inhalation, and ingestion. These findings raise concerns about exposures to the tobacco smoke residue that has been recently dubbed "thirdhand smoke." Our work highlights the importance of reactions at indoor interfaces, particularly those involving amines and NOx/HONO cycling, with potential health impacts.
引用
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页码:6576 / 6581
页数:6
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