Advanced spectroscopic techniques for plant disease diagnostics. A review

Timely plant pathogen diagnostics can save up to 50% of the total agricultural yield worldwide. Current molecular and imaging methods for detection and identification of plant diseases have many limitations. This sparked interest in the development of minimally invasive and substrate general spectroscopic techniques that can be used directly in the field for confirmatory plant disease diagnostics. This review discusses recent progress in development of reflectance, infrared, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detection and identification of plant diseases. It also shows advantages and disadvantages of these optical spectroscopy methods compared to the most common molecular and imaging techniques. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.