Heat Pump for Energy-Efficient Sugarcane Juice Freeze Pre-concentration

A freeze concentration system with two-stage heat pump was investigated for pre-concentrating sugarcane juice in a jaggery making process. Two identical vented double-wall tube-and-tube heat exchangers were used as latent heat exchangers. One latent heat exchanger was operated as an evaporator, which selectively froze water from the juice. Another latent heat exchanger was operated as a condenser, which melted ice formed in a previous half cycle. Excess condenser duty, as a result of compressor work input and heat leakage into the cold sections of the system, was rejected with the help of second-stage compressor and concentrated juice and water heater. High juice velocity in the tube-and-tube heat exchanger helped to reduce inclusion in layer freezing. Raw juice was pre-cooled in a three fluid heat exchanger using concentrated juice and cold water streams from the latent heat exchangers. Pre-concentration of sugarcane juice from 20 to 40 A degrees Brix helped to save about 63% of bagasse. Heat removed during freezing was one-seventh of that required for evaporation. R290 was found the best option amongst refrigerants R744 (CO2), R290 (C3H8) and R22 (CHClF2). Performance of system was evaluated considering the effect of thermal mass, ambient heat gain, variation in freezing point depression and ice layer thickness. Cooling COP of 14 can be achieved in a practicable system with evaporation at - 8 A degrees C, condensation at 3 A degrees C and the excess heat rejection at 34 A degrees C. This shows that specific energy consumption can be as low as 8.8 kWh(e)/m(3) of separated water.