A Case of Double Standard: Sex Differences in Multiple Sclerosis Risk Factors

被引：24

作者：

Angeloni, Benedetta ^{[1
]}

Bigi, Rachele ^{[1
]}

Bellucci, Gianmarco ^{[1
]}

Mechelli, Rosella ^{[2
,3
]}

Ballerini, Chiara ^{[1
]}

Romano, Carmela ^{[1
]}

Morena, Emanuele ^{[1
]}

Pellicciari, Giulia ^{[1
]}

Renie, Roberta ^{[1
]}

Rinaldi, Virginia ^{[1
]}

Buscarinu, Maria Chiara ^{[1
]}

Romano, Silvia ^{[1
]}

Ristori, Giovanni ^{[1
,4
]}

Salvetti, Marco ^{[1
,5
]}

机构：

[1] Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Neurosci Mental Hlth & Sensory Organs, Ctr Expt Neurol Therapies CENTERS, I-00189 Rome, Italy

[2] San Raffaele Roma Open Univ, I-00166 Rome, Italy

[3] Hospitalizat & Healthcare San Raffaele Pisana IRC, Sci Inst Res, I-00166 Rome, Italy

[4] Hospitalizat & Healthcare Fdn Santa Lucia IRCCS, Sci Inst Res, Neuroimmunol Unit, I-00179 Rome, Italy

[5] Ist Neurol Mediterraneo INM Neuromed, Sci Inst Res Hospitalizat & Healthcare IRCCS, I-86077 Pozzilli, Italy

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES | 2021年 / 22卷 / 07期

关键词：

multiple sclerosis; sex bias; environmental factors; genetic factors;

D O I：

10.3390/ijms22073696

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Multiple sclerosis is a complex, multifactorial, dysimmune disease prevalent in women. Its etiopathogenesis is extremely intricate, since each risk factor behaves as a variable that is interconnected with others. In order to understand these interactions, sex must be considered as a determining element, either in a protective or pathological sense, and not as one of many variables. In particular, sex seems to highly influence immune response at chromosomal, epigenetic, and hormonal levels. Environmental and genetic risk factors cannot be considered without sex, since sex-based immunological differences deeply affect disease onset, course, and prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying sex-based differences is necessary in order to develop a more effective and personalized therapeutic approach.

引用

页数：11

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