This year (2014) marks the 270th anniversary of Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck's birth, which presents a good occasion to reflect on the wide-reaching, although largely ignored, legacy of the French naturalist and its modern-day renaissance. A discussion is provided of the broad and controversial influence of Lamarckian thought on science, politics and art, with a focus on Lamarck's curious recent comeback to the public and academic eyes in relation to the burgeoning discipline of epigenetics.(c) 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 114, 242-247.