Influence of a history of cancer on long-term cardiovascular outcomes after coronary stent implantation (an Observation from Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study-Kyoto Registry Cohort-2)

Aims To evaluate the influence of a history of cancer on clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and results In the Coronary REvascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto (CREDO-Kyoto) PCI/coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Registry Cohort-2, there were 12 180 CAD patients who received PCI with stents. There were 1109 patients with a history of cancer (cancer group) and 11 071 patients without cancer (non-cancer group). The cumulative 5-year incidences of cardiac death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization were significantly higher in the cancer group than in the non-cancer group (12.4% vs. 7.5%, P < 0.001 and 12.1% vs. 7.6%, P < 0.001, respectively). Even after adjusting for confounders, the excess risk of the cancer group relative to non-cancer group for cardiac death and HF hospitalization remained significant [hazard ratio (HR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-1.53; P = 0.02, and HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.68; P = 0.002, respectively]. Also, the cancer group had a trend toward higher adjusted risk for definite or probable stent thrombosis as compared with the non-cancer group (HR 1.49, 95% CI 0.99-2.16; P = 0.055). The cancer group had significantly higher adjusted risk for all-cause death, non-cardiac death, major bleeding, and non-CABG surgery than the non-cancer group, while the risks for myocardial infarction and stroke were neutral between the two groups. Conclusion Patients with a history of cancer at the time of PCI had increased risk for cardiac events such as cardiac death and HF hospitalization as well as non-cardiac events such as non-cardiac death, major bleeding, and non-CABG surgery.