[1] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[2] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[3] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[4] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Architecture, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China