Readmission of late preterm and term neonates in the neonatal period

Objective: To determine the incidence of hospital readmissions in late preterm and term neonates, the most common reasons for readmission, and analyze the risk factors for readmission in the neonatal period. Methods: Newborn infants admitted to a well-baby nursery >= 36 weeks gestation were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data for all infants born in a 3-year period and readmitted in the first 28 days of life were analyzed. Indication for readmission was one diagnosed during initial workup in the pediatric emergency room visit before readmission. Results: The final cohort consisted of 5408 infants. The readmission rate was 4.0% (219/5408). Leading readmission causes were respiratory tract infection (29.58%), jaundice (13.70%), and urinary tract infection (9.59%). The mean +/- SD age of readmitted infants was 13.3 +/- 7.1 days. The mean +/- SD treatment duration of treatment was 5.5 +/- 3.0 days. In the multivariate regression analysis, infants that were during the initial hospitalization transferred to special care/NICU had a lower chance of readmission during the neonatal period (p = 0.04, OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.06-0.93). Infants with mothers aged from 19-24 years had a higher risk of readmission (p = 0.005, OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.16-2.26). Conclusions: Finding that infants that were during the initial hospitalization transferred to special care or a NICU setting were less likely to require hospitalization in the neonatal period is an interesting one. Further research into how different approach in these settings reduce the risk of readmission is necessary.