Protein kinase C: poised to signal

Newton AC. Protein kinase C: poised to signal. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298: E395-E402, 2010. First published November 24, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00477.2009.-Nestled at the tip of a branch of the kinome, protein kinase C (PKC) family members are poised to transduce signals emanating from the cell surface. Cell membranes provide the platform for PKC function, supporting the maturation of PKC through phosphorylation, its allosteric activation by binding specific lipids, and, ultimately, promoting the downregulation of the enzyme. These regulatory mechanisms precisely control the level of signaling-competent PKC in the cell. Disruption of this regulation results in pathophysiological states, most notably cancer, where PKC levels are often grossly altered. This review introduces the PKC family and then focuses on recent advances in understanding the cellular regulation of its diacylglycerol-regulated members.