Influence of a time-periodic magnetic flux on interacting electrons in a one-dimensional loop

We consider N strongly interacting electrons in a one-dimensional circular loop that is pierced by a time-periodic magnetic flux a(t) = a(0) + a(1)(t) with the angular frequency omega. Similar to our previous work, where we have considered a static magnetic flux a(0), the electron positions are expressed in terms of collective and relative coordinates. Strong e-e interaction can then be treated in a harmonic approximation for the relative motion. The presently searched solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for a time-periodic flux are given by the Floquet states. The Floquet states for a spatially constant one-particle potential form a complete set of Floquet-basis states, which is used to study the influence of the one-particle potential on the electronic states. While for a spatially constant one-particle potential the time-averaged observables, such as the electronic energy and the electronic current or angular momentum, depend solely on the time-averaged magnetic flux a(0), a spatially varying one-particle potential leads to pronounced resonances. In the case of moderate electronic relaxation, the stationary properties are determined by the Floquet state with lowest time-averaged energy. For the associated persistent angular momentum we predict jumps with heights proportional to the number of electrons N. We further show that, already by measuring the locations of these jumps in the (a(0),omega) plane, one could determine the number of electrons N as well as the effective e-e interaction.