First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way

被引：1274

作者：

Akiyama, Kazunori ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Alberdi, Antxon ^{[4
]}

Alef, Walter ^{[5
]}

Algaba, Juan Carlos ^{[6
]}

Anantua, Richard ^{[3
,7
,8
]}

Asada, Keiichi ^{[9
]}

Azulay, Rebecca ^{[5
,10
,11
]}

Bach, Uwe ^{[5
]}

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ^{[5
]}

Ball, David ^{[12
,13
]}

Balokovic, Mislav ^{[14
]}

Barrett, John ^{[1
]}

Baubock, Michi ^{[15
]}

Benson, Bradford A. ^{[16
,17
]}

Bintley, Dan ^{[18
,19
]}

Blackburn, Lindy ^{[3
,7
]}

Blundell, Raymond ^{[7
]}

Bouman, Katherine L. ^{[20
]}

Bower, Geoffrey C. ^{[21
,22
]}

Boyce, Hope ^{[23
,24
]}

Bremer, Michael ^{[25
]}

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ^{[26
]}

Brissenden, Roger ^{[3
,7
]}

Britzen, Silke ^{[5
]}

Broderick, Avery E. ^{[27
,28
,29
]}

Broguiere, Dominique ^{[25
]}

Bronzwaer, Thomas ^{[26
]}

Bustamante, Sandra ^{[30
]}

Byun, Do-Young ^{[31
,32
]}

Carlstrom, John E. ^{[17
,33
,34
,35
]}

Ceccobello, Chiara ^{[36
]}

Chael, Andrew ^{[37
,38
]}

Chan, Chi-kwan ^{[12
,13
,39
,40
]}

Chatterjee, Koushik ^{[3
,7
]}

Chatterjee, Shami ^{[41
]}

Chen, Ming-Tang ^{[21
]}

Chen, Yongjun ^{[42
,43
]}

Cheng, Xiaopeng ^{[31
]}

Cho, Ilje ^{[4
]}

Christian, Pierre ^{[44
]}

Conroy, Nicholas S. ^{[7
,45
]}

Conway, John E. ^{[36
]}

Cordes, James M. ^{[41
]}

Crawford, Thomas M. ^{[17
,33
]}

Crew, Geoffrey B. ^{[1
]}

Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro ^{[46
]}

Cui, Yuzhu ^{[47
,48
,49
]}

Davelaar, Jordy ^{[26
,50
,51
,52
]}

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ^{[46
,53
,54
]}

Deane, Roger ^{[55
,56
,57
]}

机构：

[1] MIT, Haystack Observ, 99 Millstone Rd, Westford, MA 01886 USA

[2] Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan

[3] Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[4] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain

[5] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[6] Univ Malaya, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

[7] Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[8] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA

[9] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 11F Astron Math Bldg,AS NTU 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

[10] Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain

[11] Univ Valencia, Observ Astron, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, E-46980 Valencia, Spain

[12] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[13] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[14] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, 52 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA

[15] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[16] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS209,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA

[17] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[18] East Asian Observ, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA

[19] James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA

[20] CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[21] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA

[22] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[23] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada

[24] McGill Univ, McGill Space Inst, 3550 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada

[25] Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM, 300 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France

[26] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands

[27] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Caroline St N, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

[28] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

[29] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo Ctr Astrophys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

[30] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

[31] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daedeok Daero 776, Daejeon 34055, South Korea

[32] Univ Sci & Technol, Gajeong Ro 217, Daejeon 34113, South Korea

[33] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[34] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, 5720 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[35] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[36] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Space Earth & Environm, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden

[37] Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Theoret Sci, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[38] NASA Hubble Fellowship Program, Washington, DC USA

[39] Univ Arizona, Data Sci Inst, 1230 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[40] Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, 617 N Santa Rita, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[41] Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[42] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China

[43] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Radio Astron, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China

[44] Fairfield Univ, Phys Dept, 1073 North Benson Rd, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA

[45] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[46] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany

[47] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shengrong Rd 520, Shanghai 201210, Peoples R China

[48] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VLBI Observ, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan

[49] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan

[50] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2022年 / 930卷 / 02期

基金：

中国博士后科学基金; 欧洲研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 瑞典研究理事会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 日本学术振兴会; 美国国家航空航天局; 新加坡国家研究基金会; 芬兰科学院;

关键词：

ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-EMISSION; SGR-A; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; INTRINSIC SIZE; SCALE STRUCTURE; RADIO-SOURCE;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/ac6674

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of lambda = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 +/- 2.3 mu as (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A* are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass similar to 4 x 10(6) M (circle dot), which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits, as well as maser proper-motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i > 50 degrees), as well as nonspinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 10(3)-10(5) gravitational radii to event-horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87* shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass.

引用

页数：21

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