Bladder hernia complicated with cystolithiasis and bladder tumor: Two cases' analysis

Inguinal hernia is frequent and reaches up to 8% of the population. It was reported that over 20 million inguinal hernia repairs are performed annually. The bladder may herniate in 1%-3% of the cases through the inguinal canal that can be responsible for various symptoms. The most specific is the classic "two-stage micturition." However, the diagnosis usually remains unspecific, and a surgeon can fall in the trap of a "simple" inguinal hernia and cause accidental damages to an undiagnosed bladder hernia. Therefore, a clear diagnosis must be assessed based on clinical and radiological findings to avoid complications. In these two presented cases, the patients presented cystolithiasis complicating the bladder herniation. One of the patients also developed a bladder tumor which appeared to be urothelial carcinoma.