Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Devices under Indoor Light Conditions: A Brief Review

Indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are drawing increasing attention due to their considerable potential for supplying energy to low-power devices under indoor lighting, and exhibit advantages such as changeable optical absorption and cost-effective fabrication. When designing indoor OPVs, the photovoltaic materials, electrodes, and interlayers should be developed considering the indoor lighting conditions, which differ from the outdoor conditions. In this review, design principles such as adoption of high shunt resistance and enhancement of the light absorption for the transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) of indoor OPVs are suggested. Subsequently, an overview of the recent developments in the TCEs of OPVs under indoor lighting conditions is presented. Furthermore, the future implications of this research topic is discussed.