Comparison of water resources management between China and the United States

As the world's top two economies, the United States (U.S.) and China face a number of similar water resources problems. Yet, few studies have been done to systematically compare policies and approaches on water resources management between China and the U.S. This study compares water resources policies of China and the U.S. in the areas of national authority, water supply, water quality, and ecosystem use of the water to draw lessons learned and shed light on water resources management in China, the U.S., and the rest of the world. The lessons learned from the comparison include six aspects. 1) New paradigms of people-water harmony and a water-saving society are urgently needed to address the pressing water crisis and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). 2) A comprehensive, consistent, forward-looking national policy is necessary to achieve sustainable use of water resources. 3) Empowerment of river basin commissions with comprehensive authority over the integrative management of air, land, water, and biological resources in the river basin could significantly enhance the benefits and effectiveness of economic development and environmental protection. 4) Expansion of water exchange through market mechanisms among water users promotes efficient and beneficial water uses. 5) Use of water for ecosystem services should be an integral part of water resources management. China has set up a national blueprint for achieving ecological civilization; maintaining appropriate amounts of flow in rivers and lakes for maintenance of wildlife and fisheries and ecosystems should be institutionalized as part of this national strategy as well. 6) By sharing their rich experiences and lessons in water resources management, economic development, and ecological protection with other countries, China and the U.S. can help the world to achieve global human-water harmony and the UN SDGs.