Clinicoepidemiological Study of Dermatophyte Infections in Pediatric Age Group at a Tertiary Hospital in Karnataka

Background: The incidence of fungal infections is increasing at an alarming rate, presenting an enormous challenge to healthcare professionals. Apart from the resistance of the causative organisms, there are many modifiable environmental factors contributing to this sudden pandemic. The prevalence of the disease and the associated environmental factors need to be evaluated further. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the epidemiological features of dermatophyte infection in children such as its incidence, clinical presentation, knowledge regarding over-the-counter drugs, compliance to therapy, and steroid abuse among others. Subjects and Methods: All children with dermatophytic infections up to the age group of 18 years were studied for the pattern of infection and various environmental associations. Results: The prevalence rate of pediatric dermatophyte infection was found to be 19% and was mostly seen in the age group of 10-14 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.27:1. About 72% of patients belonged to a rural background, and 64% were from a low socioeconomic background. Among the environmental factors, 83% of patients reported contact history with an affected family member, 55% reported joint family setup, and 81% of patients were found to maintain poor personal hygiene. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical variant of dermatophyte infection (45%). Nearly 58% of patients had been treated by unqualified personnel before visiting our hospital, and 51% had applied steroids. Out of 17% patients who had been prescribed anti-fungals only 8% received accurate dose and duration related treatment; while none of them completed their prescribed course before visiting our hospital. Conclusions: This study attempts to highlight the clinicoepidemiological features of dermatophytic infections and the various social and environmental factors associated with it.