A review on braking control and optimization techniques for electric vehicle

In this modern world, due to limited fossil fuels, increasing cost, and environmental concerns a clean and sustainable transportation system in the form of electric vehicles (EV) is now becoming popular. On the other hand, electric vehicles have an advantage such as zero-emission, less maintenance, comfortable ride, less noise, etc. An electric vehicle is driven by an electric motor so considering driving patterns and road traffic conditions the vehicle often requires braking operation. The most common method is to employ mechanical brakes to reduce the speed of EV. However, mechanical braking mechanism results in friction which in turn, into heating losses and reduces the efficiency of EV. Therefore, regenerative braking system (RBS) and energy management system are employed in addition to mechanical braking for increasing the braking efficiency of the EV system. It is reported in many literatures about different regenerative braking control techniques for EV systems. This paper presents a review of regenerative braking and braking energy management techniques by considering different driving situations and road conditions.