Vertical distributions of plant nutrients and heavy metals in Salix viminalis stems and their implications for sampling

被引:52
作者
Sander, ML
Ericsson, T
机构
[1] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
[2] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Prod Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
关键词
bioenergy; willow plantation; energy forestry; Salix; sampling method; plant nutrient distribution; plant nutrients; heavy metals; cadmium;
D O I
10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10004-6
中图分类号
S2 [农业工程];
学科分类号
0828 ;
摘要
We studied the vertical distribution of elements in the woody biomass of two willow stands and discuss its implications concerning the reliability of the stratified sampling method used when whole-shoot sampling is not feasible. Five-centimeter pieces from two- (sandy soil) and three- (clay soil) year-old shoots of Salix viminalis (clone 78183) were sampled at 1 m vertical intervals in late March-early April 1993 in central Sweden. The stand on clay was sampled again 2 years later. Concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cd increased significantly with height, which was assumed to be mainly a consequence of increasing bark proportions. The increase was least consistent for Cd. Differences in concentration gradients between elements were ascribed in part to their differential redistribution in the tissues. With respect to vertical concentration gradients along the shoot the elements ranked in the same order in the 2-, 3- and 5-year-old shoots. For example, Ni increased most from the lowest to the highest sampling level (sixfold increase in the 5-year-old shoots). followed by P and Cu (fourfold). Concentrations of Ca, Mn and Zn doubled, and Cd increased by 20%. It was shown that for the 3-year-old shoots a slight shift in the sampling point location could result in a 10% change in the measured shoot Ni concentration. In the older shoots, where concentration gradients were mainly found in the upper parts but the bulk of the biomass was in the lower shoot parts, a shift in sampling point location would probably be of less importance. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:57 / 66
页数:10
相关论文
共 19 条
[1]   NUTRIENT CYCLING IN ENERGY FOREST PLANTATIONS [J].
ERICSSON, T .
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY, 1994, 6 (1-2) :115-121
[2]  
Ericsson Tom, 1994, New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, V24, P133
[3]  
ERIKSSON J, 1996, SALIX SOM KADMIUMFIL, P75
[4]  
GLAVAC V, 1990, ANGEW BOT, V64, P357
[5]  
Glavac V, 1990, TREES-STRUCT FUNCT, V4, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF00226069
[6]  
GORANSSON A, 1996, SALIX SOM KADMIUMFIL
[7]  
GRIGAL DF, 1976, FOREST SCI, V22, P195
[8]   SEASONAL-VARIATIONS OF NICKEL CONCENTRATIONS IN ANNUAL XYLEM RINGS OF BEECH TREES (FAGUS-SYLVATICA L) [J].
HAGEMEYER, J ;
SCHAFER, H ;
BRECKLE, SW .
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 1994, 145 (1-2) :111-118
[9]   SEASONAL-VARIATIONS IN CONCENTRATIONS AND RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF CD, PB AND ZN IN STEM WOOD OF BEECH TREES (FAGUS-SYLVATICA L) [J].
HAGEMEYER, J ;
SCHAFER, H .
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 1995, 166 (1-3) :77-87
[10]  
HASSELGREN K, 1996, SALIX SOM KADMIUMFIL, P49