Load-Balanced Opportunistic Routing for Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks

被引:65
作者
So, Jungmin [1 ]
Byun, Heejung [2 ]
机构
[1] Hallym Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Chunchon 24252, Gangwon Do, South Korea
[2] Suwon Univ, Dept Informat & Telecommun Engn, Hwaseong Si 445743, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词
Wireless sensor networks; opportunistic routing; load balancing; MAC PROTOCOL; LIFETIME; WAKEUP;
D O I
10.1109/TMC.2016.2606427
中图分类号
TP [自动化技术、计算机技术];
学科分类号
0812 ;
摘要
In duty-cycled wireless sensor networks running asynchronous MAC protocols, the time when a sender waits for its receiver to wake up and receive the packet is the major source of energy consumption. Opportunistic routing can reduce the sender wait time by allowing multiple candidate receivers, but by doing that it suffers from redundant packet forwarding due to multiple receivers waking up at the same time. Thus, the number of forwarders should be controlled in a way that overall forwarding cost is minimized considering both sender wait time and cost of redundant packet forwarding. Also, in order to prolong network lifetime, candidate forwarders should be selected so that load is balanced among nodes. We propose ORR, an opportunistic routing protocol that addresses the two issues. First, the optimal number of forwarders is calculated based on forwarding cost estimation, which is derived from duty cycle and network topology. Second, the metric used for selecting forwarders considers residual energy so that more traffic is guided through nodes with larger remaining energy. The resulting routing protocol is proven to avoid loops and shown to achieve longer network lifetime compared to other protocols regardless of duty cycle and network topology.
引用
收藏
页码:1940 / 1955
页数:16
相关论文
共 28 条
[11]  
Hong Z, 2016, IEEE-CAA J AUTOMATIC, V3, P68
[12]  
Landsiedel O, 2012, IPSN'12: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION PROCESSING IN SENSOR NETWORKS, P185, DOI 10.1109/IPSN.2012.6920956
[13]  
Levis P, 2005, AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE, P115
[14]   Load-Balanced Clustering Algorithm With Distributed Self-Organization for Wireless Sensor Networks [J].
Liao, Ying ;
Qi, Huan ;
Li, Weiqun .
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 2013, 13 (05) :1498-1506
[15]   Medium access control with a dynamic duty cycle for sensor networks [J].
Lin, P ;
Qiao, CM ;
Wang, X .
2004 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: BROADBAND WIRELESS - THE TIME IS NOW, 2004, :1534-1539
[16]  
Liu D., 2013, 2013 26 IEEE CANADIA, P1, DOI [10.1109/CCECE.2013.6567739, DOI 10.1109/CCECE.2013.6567739]
[17]   Duty Cycle Control for Low-Power-Listening MAC Protocols [J].
Merlin, Christophe J. ;
Heinzelman, Wendi B. .
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, 2010, 9 (11) :1508-1521
[18]   A MAC protocol to reduce sensor network energy consumption using a wakeup radio [J].
Miller, MJ ;
Vaidya, NH .
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, 2005, 4 (03) :228-242
[19]  
Moss D., 2008, TECH REP, V08-00
[20]   Design and Analysis of Asynchronous Wakeup for Wireless Sensor Networks [J].
Park, Tae Rim ;
Park, Kyung-Joon ;
Lee, Myung J. .
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, 2009, 8 (11) :5530-5541