Dextrin-Colistin Conjugates as a Model Bioresponsive Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Infections

Polymer therapeutics offer potential benefits in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) infections; affording targeted delivery of biologically active agents to the site of inflammation, potential decreases in systemic toxicity, and the retention of antimicrobial activity at the target site. As a prototype model, these studies developed and characterized a library of dextrincolistin conjugates (dextrin molecular weight: 750048 000 g/mol) as a means of targeting the delivery of colistin. Optimum colistin release kinetics (following dextrin degradation by physiological concentrations of amylase (100 IU/L)) were observed in conjugates containing low molecular weight (similar to 7500 g/mol) dextrin with similar to 1 mol % succinoylation (similar to 80% drug release within 48 h, compared to similar to 33% from sodium colistin methanesulfonate (CMS, Colomycin)). These conjugates exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity to CMS in conventional MIC assays against a range of Gram-negative pathogens, but with significantly reduced in vitro toxicity toward kidney (IC50 = CMS, 15.4 mu g/mL; dextrincolistin, 63.9 mu g/mL) and macrophage (IC50 = CMS, 111.3 mu g/mL; dextrincolistin, 303.9 mu g/mL) cells. In vivo dose-escalation studies in rats demonstrated improved pharmacokinetics of the conjugates, with prolonged plasma levels of colistin (t(1/2) 1351271 min vs 53 min) and decreased toxicity, compared to colistin sulfate. These studies highlight the potential utility of nanoantibiotic polymer therapeutics to aid the safe, effective, and targeted delivery of colistin in the management of MDR infections.